Do you really know what drowning looks like?
I was a trained lifeguard and spent my summers overseeing neighborhood pools in Houston. Fortunately, I only had to give mouth-to- mouth CPR once in my lifeguarding career. A five year old threw up water in my mouth, while his mom screamed in my ear. She was in shock that she hadn’t realized her son was drowning in the baby pool three feet in front of her. I was sixteen years old.
Years later, after I graduated from college, I was dating a guy who also was a trained lifeguard. We had a hot date planned. I was dressed to the nines in my Manolo Blahnik sandals, trendy sundress and fashion accessories. My date was looking hot too. We made an attractive couple. We stopped at a pool party at an acquaintance’s house before hitting the dance clubs in uptown.
We sat on two lounge chairs next to each other, drinking cocktails, our eyes darting to the pool in front of us filled with kids and adults. We were talking and glancing at the pool, and without even a word to each other, we both jumped into the water without any hesitation, Blahnik sandals and all. We saved a little boy’s life. Both of us saw he was drowning just two feet next to his mom and she hadn’t recognized the signs of her son drowning.
Do you know what drowning looks like? Drowning doesn’t look like drowning.
My great Uncle sent me an excellent article from Captain G that overviews the signs that a person is drowning―you may be surprised.
“… of the approximately 750 children who will drown next year, about 375 of them will do so within 25 yards of a parent or other adult. In ten percent of those drowning, the adult will actually watch them do it, having no idea it is happening.” (source:CDC)
What did my date and I know, from 20 feet away, that the mother couldn’t recognize from just three? Did you know that most people who are drowning don’t look like they are drowning? We stereotypically think of someone thrashing about and yelling for help, but actually, it is much more difficult to distinguish when a person in the water is in distress, especially children. Drowning is not the violent, splashing, call for help that most people expect. My date and I were trained to recognize drowning. The mother, on the other hand, had learned what drowning looks like by watching TV. If you spend time on or near the water, which is most of us, then you should make sure that you and your group knows what to look for whenever people enter the water. Until the little boy was rescued and cried for his mom, he hadn’t made a sound. Drowning is usually a deceptively quiet event. The waving, splashing, and yelling that dramatic conditioning TV prepares us to look for, is rarely seen in real life.
“ The Instinctive Drowning Response – so named by Francesco A. Pia, Ph.D., is what people do to avoid actual or perceived suffocation in the water. And it does not look like most people expect. There is very little splashing, no waving, and no yelling or calls for help of any kind. To get an idea of just how quiet and undramatic from the surface drowning can be, consider this: It is the number two cause of accidental death in children, age 15 and under just behind vehicle accidents. Drowning does not look like drowning – Dr. Pia, in an article in the Coast Guard’s On Scene Magazine, described the instinctive drowning response like this:
- Except in rare circumstances, drowning people are physiologically unable to call out for help. The respiratory system was designed for breathing. Speech is the secondary or overlaid function. Breathing must be fulfilled, before speech occurs.
- Drowning people’s mouths alternately sink below and reappear above the surface of the water. The mouths of drowning people are not above the surface of the water long enough for them to exhale, inhale, and call out for help. When the drowning people’s mouths are above the surface, they exhale and inhale quickly as their mouths start to sink below the surface of the water.
- Drowning people cannot wave for help. Nature instinctively forces them to extend their arms laterally and press down on the water’s surface. Pressing down on the surface of the water, permits drowning people to leverage their bodies so they can lift their mouths out of the water to breathe.
- Throughout the Instinctive Drowning Response, drowning people cannot voluntarily control their arm movements. Physiologically, drowning people who are struggling on the surface of the water cannot stop drowning and perform voluntary movements such as waving for help, moving toward a rescuer, or reaching out for a piece of rescue equipment.
- From beginning to end of the Instinctive Drowning Response people’s bodies remain upright in the water, with no evidence of a supporting kick. Unless rescued by a trained lifeguard, these drowning people can only struggle on the surface of the water from 20 to 60 seconds before submersion occurs.
(Source: On Scene Magazine: Fall 2006)
This doesn’t mean that a person that is yelling for help and thrashing isn’t in real trouble – they are experiencing aquatic distress. Not always present before the instinctive drowning response, aquatic distress doesn’t last long – but unlike true drowning, these victims can still assist in their own rescue ― they can grab lifelines, throw rings, etc.Look for these other signs of drowning when persons are in the water:
- Head low in the water, mouth at water level
- Head tilted back with mouth open
- Eyes glassy and empty, unable to focus
- Eyes closed
- Hair over forehead or eyes
- Not using legs – Vertical
- Hyperventilating or gasping
- Trying to swim in a particular direction but not making headway
- Trying to roll over on the back
- Ladder climb, rarely out of the water.
So if a family member falls overboard and every looks O.K. ― don’t be too sure. Sometimes the most common indication that someone is drowning is that they don’t look like they’re drowning. They may just look like they are treading water and looking up at the deck. One way to be sure? Ask them: “Are you alright?” If they can answer at all ― they probably are. If they return a blank stare – you may have less than 30 seconds to get to them. And parents: children playing in the water make noise. When they get quiet, you get to them and find out why. “ (Source: gCaptain Blog forums May 2010)
For more water survival tips be sure to visit USCG rescue Swimmer Mario Vittone’s gCaptain Page.
Please pass this article along to others that spend time at the pool or the lake this summer.
















